聽力試題命題規(guī)律和解題技巧參考
1．對話
聽力部分一般是20個小題，由A和B兩部分組成，聽力試題命題規(guī)律和解題技巧。第一部分通常是10個對話，每個對話設一個小題，要求同學們根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容從四個選項中選擇正確答案。
2．短文
B部分有兩種形式，一是聽短文。一般是三篇120-140字之間的短文，每篇短文后有三到四個問題，共10道小題。該部分主要測試同學們的整體理解能力。
3．復合式聽寫
B部分的另一種是復合式聽寫。復合式聽寫由兩部分組成。一是單詞聽寫，要求同學們毫無差錯地填出短文所缺單詞。另一種是補全信息。一般是，每段的第一句主題句已經(jīng)給出，要求填出具體細節(jié)內(nèi)容說明主題，可以使用聽到的原話，也可以使用自己的語言。
二、英語聽力的命題規(guī)律和測試重點
1．對話
對話部分考查的重點有：
1）地點
根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容判斷對話發(fā)生的地點或?qū)υ捴兴崾录l(fā)生的地點是四六級英語聽力測試中常見的也是比較重要的一個題型。地點題一般有以下幾種：
(1)根據(jù)信息詞設題①W: Dear, I feel hungry now. How about you? M: So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please send a menu to 320 right away. Q: Where are the two speakers? A. In a hotel. B. At a dinner table. C. In the street. D. At the mans house.
該題通過hungry和menu來迷惑同學們，引導大家選擇B，其實，本題所借助的信息詞是room service和320這個房間號，答案是A。
②M: Can you stay for dinner? W: Id love to. But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school. Q: Where will the woman go first? A. To the school B. To a friends house. C. To the post office. D. Home
本題借助registered mail設題，答案是C。但這里同樣也有地點的辨析問題，要求同學們能聽出是"首先到……地方"。
③M: Excuse me,Im looking for the emergency room.I thought that it was on the first floor. W: It is. This is the basement.Take the elevator one flight up and turn left. Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place? A. In a library B. In a hotel. C. In a hospital. D. In an elevator
本題設題所依據(jù)的信息詞是emergency room，只要考生了解其語域就可判斷答案為C。
(2)借助對話中提到的多個地點設題
有時對話中提到的地點不只一個，這時，一般是將所有的地點都包括在選項之中。這種情況下，同學們不必考慮信息詞問題，只要能將地點與其相關事件聯(lián)系起來就可確定答案。如：
①M: I did not see our boss yesterday. Has he come back? W: He was just back from France besides visiting Britain，Germany，and Spain. Q: Which country did the woman visit first? A. France B. Britain C. Germany D. Spain
四個地點都是訪問過的地點，要求同學們能夠分清先后。答案為B。
②M: Will Mr. Smith come to the party at the weekend? W: Hell be supposed to，，but he wont be back from his trip until the next week. Q: Where will Mr. Smith be on Saturday? A. At the party B. At home C. Still on his trip D. Back from his trip.
本題是將地點與時間連在一起，要求同學們在聽的同時注意區(qū)別每個事件所發(fā)生的時間，答案為C。
2）職業(yè)、身份
根據(jù)說話內(nèi)容判斷說話者的身份和職業(yè)是四六級聽力測試中又一常見題型。該題型的題項設計有兩種：
(1)說話者自身的身份或職業(yè)
根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容判斷說話者一方的職業(yè)或身份：
①W: Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions? M: Not at all. Go ahead, please. Q: What is Susan Gray. A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A reporter. D. A student.
由local newspaper可以判斷說話者是位記者，在采訪。
②M: How about the food I ordered? Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already. W: Im very sorry, sir. Ill be back with your order in a minute. Q: Who is the man most probably speaking to? A. A shop assistant. B. A telephone operator C. A waitress. D. A clerk.
與order有關的自然是waitress，答案為A，考研英語《聽力試題命題規(guī)律和解題技巧》。
(2)說話雙方之間的關系
該題型是上一題型的延伸，要求同學們能判斷說話者雙方的身份，問題經(jīng)常是Whats the relationship between the two speakers? ①W: How long will it take you to fix my watch? M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer than a week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Librarian and student. B. Operator and caller. C. Boss and secretary. D. Customer and repairman.
既然女士讓男的fix my watch，說明對方是repairman，而自己是customer。
②M: Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket? I feel cold. W: I think weve got one. Could you wait until after take-off please? Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. A guest and a receptionist. B. A passenger and an air hostess. C. A customer and a shop assistant. D. A guest and a waitress.
take-off一詞的使用說明女的是空姐，答案自然是B。
可以看出，職業(yè)、身份以及說話雙方關系的選擇所依據(jù)的同樣是信息詞。當然，要判斷雙方的關系，還可以從說話的方式入手。如：
M: Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr. Brown. W: Certainly sir. As soon as I make the final corrections on the original. Q: Whats the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and secretary. B. Lawyer and client. C Teacher and student. D. Nurse and patient.
兩人間說話的語氣和方式表明是"老板與秘書"的關系。
3）計算題
計算題在四六級英語聽力中屬于比較難的.題型，要求同學們不僅能分辨不同的時間、金錢等數(shù)量概念，還應能將聽到的各個數(shù)量聯(lián)系起來進行加減運算。如：
①M: Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano. Does he attend any piano classes? W: Yes,he takes lessons twice a week,but from next week on,he will go to the class on Saturday evenings, too. Q: How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on? A. Once a week. B. Twice a week. C. Three times a week. D. Four times a week.
兩次加一次自然是三次，答案是C。
②W: Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons. M: Really?I thought it only included the first 12 lessons.Then I must spend the weekend to go over the rest of the lessons. Q: How many lessons must the man review over the weekend? A. Five lessons. B. Three lessons. C. Twelve lessons D. Fifteen lessons.
這是最簡單的計算題，只要同學們不將答案誤認為是C或D，就不會出錯。
③W:Heres a 10-dollar bill.Give me two tickets for tonights show please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here is $1,40 change. Q: How much does one ticket cost? A. $1.40. B. $4.30. C. $6.40. D. $8.60
10美元，兩張票，找零1.40美元，說明每張票為4.30美元。
從以上例子可以看出，含有數(shù)量概念的題，對話中提到的數(shù)量一般不可能為正確答案，總要同學們進行一些簡單的加減運算。
4）言外之意、弦外之音
推測說話者話中之話是聽力中必考的題型。從試題的設計特點來看，大體有一下幾種：
(1)對虛擬語氣的考查
包含虛擬語氣的聽力考題中一般都有"是不非"相對的選項，這就要求同學們了解虛擬語氣的表意功能，根據(jù)虛擬語氣判斷正確選項。如：
①W:Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit.Do you think its worth seeing? M: Well, I wish I had been there. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? A. The man is planning a trip to Austin. B. The man has not been to Austin before. C. The man doesnt like Austin. D. The man has been to Austin before. I wish I had been there.說明說話人沒有去過。
②W:If it hadnt been snowing so hard,I might have been home by 9 oclock. M:Its too bad you didnt make it.Jane was here and she wanted to see you. Q: What happened to the woman? A. She got home before 9 oclock. B. She had a bad cold. C. She had a car accident. D. She was delayed.
If it hadnt been snowing so hard, I might have been home by 9 oclock.說明因為雪太大，說話者未能在9點前到家。也就是說she was delayed。
(2)對建議的考查
建議題要求同學們掌握建議的各種表達方式，根據(jù)建議選擇正確選項。如：
①W:The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres boun
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