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    初中英語語法知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí):否定句

    時(shí)間:2024-05-02 10:17:21 學(xué)習(xí)英語 我要投稿
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    初中英語語法知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí):否定句

      對人或事物加以否定的句子稱為否定句。英語的否定句大都用not來表示否定,不同的句子又有不同的否定形式。

    初中英語語法知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí):否定句

      1.含有be的否定句

      如果句子中含有連系動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞be,句子的否定形式在be的后面直接加not。如:

      He is not a student.他不是個(gè)學(xué)生。

      We are not in the school.我們沒在學(xué)校。

      I'm not good at English.我不擅長英語。

      He was not late for school that day.那天他上學(xué)沒有遲到。

      They were not doing their homework at that time.那時(shí)他們不是在做作業(yè)。

      注意:

      在否定句中,be與not可以縮寫。

      is not→isn't;are not→aren't;was not→wasn't;were not→weren't

      2.含有助動(dòng)詞will,shall,would,have,has,had的否定句

      如果句子中含有助動(dòng)詞will,shall,would,have,has,had等,則在這些助動(dòng)詞后面直接加not構(gòu)成否定句。如:

      I have not been to the Great Wall.我沒有去過長城。

      He has not finished his homework yet.他還沒有完成作業(yè)。

      They will not have a meeting next week.下周他們不舉行會(huì)議。

      We would not go there with them.我們不愿意和他們一起去那里。

      注意:

      在否定句中,助動(dòng)詞will,shall,would,have,has,had可與not縮寫。

      will not→won't;shall not→shan't;would not→wouldn't;have not→haven't;has not→hasn't;had not→hadn't

      3.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定句

      如果句子中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,may,must,need,could等,則在這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后直接加not構(gòu)成否定句。如:

      We cannot speak French.我們不會(huì)說法語。

      You must not put the bike here.你不能把自行車放在這里。

      They could not play computer games then.那時(shí)他們不會(huì)玩電腦游戲。

      You need not clean the room now.現(xiàn)在你不需要打掃房間。

      注意:

      在否定句中,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與not可以縮寫。

      cannot→can't;must not→mustn't;need not→needn't;could not→couldn't

      4.助動(dòng)詞do,does,did與not構(gòu)成的否定句

      在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和一般過去時(shí)態(tài)當(dāng)中,如果句子的謂語是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,那么其否定句就在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前加do not;does not;did not。do not和does not用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),does not只用于主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的句子中;did not用于一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。do not可縮寫為don't,does not可以縮寫為doesn't,did not可縮寫為didn't。如:

      They don't do housework at home.他們在家不做家務(wù)活。

      He doesn't go to school on weekends.他周末不上學(xué)。

      We didn't receive his letter.我們沒有收到他的來信。

      5.沒有not的否定句

      句子中如果有never,no,nothing,nobody,none,hardly,few,little,neither,too ...to ...等否定詞,則該句子被視為否定句。如:

      There are no desks or chairs in the room.房間里沒有課桌和椅子。

      Nothing in the world moves faster than light.世上沒有什么比光傳播得更快。

      I have few friends in this city.在這個(gè)城市我?guī)缀鯖]有朋友。

      He can hardly say an English word.他幾乎一個(gè)英語單詞也說不出來。

      注意:

      句中含有否定詞構(gòu)成否定句后,在反意疑問句中要用肯定式。如:

      He has few friends here,does he?他這里幾乎沒有朋友,是不是?

      6.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定句

      動(dòng)詞不定式的否定句在動(dòng)詞不定式前直接加not。如:

      Mother asked me not to go out on Sunday.母親要求我星期天不要出去。

      They decided not to go there.他們決定不去那里了。

      注意:

      如果動(dòng)詞不定式是不帶to的不定式,在動(dòng)詞原形前加not。如:

      He made me not stay at home on weekend.他讓我周末不要呆在家里。

      7.had better的否定句

      had better是一個(gè)固定句型,意為“最好干某事”,其否定式在had better后直接加not。如:

      You'd better not go with me.你最好不要和我一起去。

      We'd better not play computer games.我們最好不要玩電腦游戲。

      8.祈使句的否定式

      祈使句的否定式在祈使句前直接加Don't。如:

      Don't go out at night.晚上不要出去。

      Don't look out of the window.不要向窗外看。

      Don't cross the road when the light is red.紅燈亮?xí)r不要過馬路。

      9.否定轉(zhuǎn)移的2種情況

      (1)動(dòng)詞的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

      ①形式上否定主句的謂語,實(shí)際上是否定從句的謂語

      當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,feel等的主語是第一人稱,謂語動(dòng)詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它們的否定式實(shí)際上是對賓語從句的否定。表示說話者提出一種委婉的看法或主張。如:

      I don't think that he will help us.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)幫助我們。

      I don't believe that he is right.我認(rèn)為他不對。

      I don't suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜歡它。

      ②形式上否定謂語動(dòng)詞,實(shí)際上否定復(fù)合賓語

      當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,feel,find的主語是第一人稱,謂語動(dòng)詞為沒有任何副詞修飾的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),它們前面的否定式實(shí)際上是對復(fù)合賓語的否定。表示說話者所提出的一種委婉的看法或主張。如:

      I don't think math difficult.我認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)不難。

      I don't find the story interesting.我認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事沒有意思。

      I don't expect so.我認(rèn)為不會(huì)。

      注意:

      動(dòng)詞think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect,feel在下列情況下,否定不轉(zhuǎn)移:

      ①這些動(dòng)詞跟其他另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞一起做并列謂語時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

      I believe and hope he won't do that.我相信并且也希望他將不會(huì)那樣做。

      I feel and admit that we are not foolish.我覺得并且也承認(rèn)我們并不愚蠢。

      ②用于疑問句時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

      Do you think it is not going to rain?你認(rèn)為天不會(huì)下雨嗎?

      Don't you believe that he has done a good thing?難道你不相信他做了一件好事?

      ③用作插入語時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

      Li Lei,I think,won't be angry with you.我想李雷不會(huì)生你的氣。

      Tom,I suppose,won't be against it.我猜想湯姆不會(huì)反對。

      Mike,I believe,hasn't seen the film.我認(rèn)為邁克沒有看這場電影。

      ④動(dòng)詞前有其他副詞修飾時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

      I really don't think it's necessary for us to go there now.我的確不認(rèn)為我們有必要去那兒。

      I feel strongly that he shouldn't do such a thing.我深刻地感到他不應(yīng)該做那樣的事。

      ⑤動(dòng)詞為非一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或主語不是第一人稱時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

      I thought that he wouldn't come back soon.我原以為他不會(huì)回來得這么快。

      The girl didn't believe that he became a good boy.那個(gè)女孩不相信他變成了一個(gè)好孩子。

      He thinks that he isn't fit for the job.他認(rèn)為他不適合這份工作。

      He doesn't believe that what we told him is true.他不相信我們告訴他的事是真的。

      ⑥當(dāng)賓語從句中的否定為not ...at all,not a little,not a few,not enough,can't help等固定搭配時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

      I think that he doesn't know it at all.我想他對那件事一點(diǎn)兒也不知道。

      I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well.我認(rèn)為如果你想把這門語言學(xué)好,那么只記單詞是不夠的。

      I believe that you can't help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games.我相信當(dāng)你在奧運(yùn)會(huì)上獲得第一名時(shí),你會(huì)情不自禁地唱起國歌來。

      ⑦當(dāng)賓語從句中有no,nothing,nobody,nowhere,hardly,seldom,little,few等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),否定不轉(zhuǎn)移。如:

      I believe that nothing can make me give it up.我想任何事情也不能使我放棄。

      I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea.我認(rèn)為如果這艘船沉入海底的話,那么誰也逃不掉。

      I suppose that he is a man of few words.我猜他是一個(gè)言語不多的人。

      (2)謂語的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

      有些句子形式上否定的是謂語動(dòng)詞,實(shí)際上是對句子后面的狀語進(jìn)行否定。如:

      Let's not talk about it here.我們別在這里談吧。

      Don't read in the sun.不要在陽光下看書。

      Don't talk with your mouth full of food.不要口里含著食物說話。

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