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    定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)

    時(shí)間:2022-10-27 19:15:39 改寫(xiě) 我要投稿

    定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)

      在日常生活或是工作學(xué)習(xí)中,大家都接觸過(guò)很多優(yōu)秀的句子吧,句子是由詞或詞組構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)言基本運(yùn)用單位。那些被廣泛運(yùn)用的句子都是什么樣子的呢?以下是小編幫大家整理的定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě),供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

      定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)

      基本概念定語(yǔ):用于修飾名詞或代詞的成分就叫定語(yǔ)。

      定語(yǔ)從句:如果修飾某個(gè)名詞或代詞的定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)完整的句子,這個(gè)句子就叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞后面。

      定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo):定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞代替的是先行詞。

      1.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞是事、物時(shí),用that/which引導(dǎo),且that/which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

      2.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞是人時(shí)用that/who引導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)詞再?gòu)木渲凶鲋髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

      3.定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞時(shí)地點(diǎn)時(shí)用which/that或where引導(dǎo):若地點(diǎn)名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中是作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)就用that/which引導(dǎo),是作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)則用where引導(dǎo),可與“介詞+which”互換。作visited的賓語(yǔ)、作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)、作work的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

      4.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞是時(shí)間名詞時(shí):若在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)用that/which,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)則用when,同樣可與“介詞+which”互換。

      5.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中表示原因時(shí)用why。

      6.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞和引導(dǎo)詞后面的那個(gè)詞之間是所有關(guān)系時(shí),用whose引導(dǎo)。

      連詞定語(yǔ)從句

      1) 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有 as ,like, as if, as though, however:

      as:

      You ought to do as I tell you. 你應(yīng)當(dāng)照我說(shuō)的做。

      When at Rome, do as the Romans do. 入境隨俗。

      like:

      She cant draw like her sister can. 她不能象她姐姐那樣畫(huà)畫(huà)。

      Do it like I tell you. 照我告訴你的那樣做。

      as if:

      He paused as if expecting her to speak. 他停了停,像是在期待她說(shuō)話。

      He glanced about as if in search of something. 他四處看了看,仿佛在找什么似的。

      as though:

      He shivered about as though with cold. 他顫抖了一下,好象受了寒氣一樣。

      When she had finished she waited as though for a reply.

      她講完之后等了等,像是在等候回答。

      however:

      Arrange your hours however you like. 你的時(shí)間你可以隨意安排。

      You may use it however you like. 你可以隨意使用它。

      In one's own home one can act however he wishes. 在家里你愿干什么就干什么。

      2)the way

      He doesn't speak the way I do. 他不像我這樣說(shuō)話。

      as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

      在一些習(xí)慣用法上,as能兼作關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞,經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

      慣用型1:

      such… as…像……一樣的

      the same…as…與……同樣的

      I seldom meet such a beggar as I met today.

      我很少碰到今天這樣的乞丐。

      (as是代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ))

      Please choose such apple as can be put in my bracket.

      請(qǐng)選擇我能放入籃子里這樣的蘋(píng)果。

      (as在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ))

      I am not the same kind of person as you are.

      我可不是和你一類的人。

      (as在從句中作表語(yǔ))

      You may take the same bus as we take.

      你可乘坐我們坐的同一輛大巴。

      (as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

      慣用型2:

      such as…

      在這種場(chǎng)合,such是代詞,表示“這種人、這種物”,as是關(guān)系代詞。

      He is not such as you can imagine.

      他不是你能想象得到的那種人。

      We have got a lot of drinks such as you can find in supermarkets.

      我們習(xí)了大量在超市能找到的那種飲料。

      慣用型3:

      as…, as…

      as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)像非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一樣修飾整個(gè)主句或者主句的一部分,但它的位置比較靈活,可以放在被修飾的主句后面,也可以放在主句前面。

      例如:

      As you can see, we are all students.

      你能看得出,我們都是學(xué)生。

      =We are all students,as you can see.

      =We are all students,which you can see.

      (這是詳細(xì)的解讀,大家請(qǐng)熟悉啊)

      Asyou know, we need to hurry up.

      大家知道,我們需要加快速度。

      He is not very honest,as you have proved.

      她不是很誠(chéng)實(shí),這一點(diǎn)你已證實(shí)了。

      定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)為簡(jiǎn)單句

      (一)改用“不定式”或“不定式短語(yǔ)”

      如果定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)與主句的時(shí)態(tài)具有同時(shí)性(包括謂語(yǔ)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)或之后性,則可以用“關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞+不定式”來(lái)簡(jiǎn)化,或直接用“不定式”來(lái)修飾先行詞。要注意的是,此時(shí)的不定式一定要是及物動(dòng)詞,如果是不及物,則需要在動(dòng)詞后面加上相應(yīng)的介詞,使之成為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。這個(gè)結(jié)尾的介詞可以提前到關(guān)系代詞前面,也可以繼續(xù)留在句尾。前者是正式說(shuō)法,后者是非正式說(shuō)法。

      例1:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which they could play in.

      我們搬到了鄉(xiāng)下,好讓孩子們有個(gè)花園在里面玩。

      改為:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden in which to play.

      或者:We moved to the country so that the children would have a garden to play in.

      例2:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors (whom)he could quarrel with.

      他要是沒(méi)有可以吵架的鄰居就難受。

      改為:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors with whom to quarrel.

      或者:He felt miserable unless he had neighbors to quarrel with.

      例3: The conference which will be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success. 計(jì)劃在今天下午舉行的會(huì)議一定會(huì)取得成功。

      改為:The conference which to be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success.

      或者:The conference to be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success.

      例4:At a ceremony in Honolulu on Dec. 29, Postmaster General John E. Potter gave a preview of the Lunar New Year Commemorative Stamps Souvenir Sheet, the grand finale of the Lunar Year stamp series, which will be available in 2005.

      12月29日,美國(guó)郵政總局局長(zhǎng)約翰·E·波特在檀香山從句了農(nóng)歷新年的紀(jì)念郵票小型張的揭幕儀式,這枚小型張將于2005年正式發(fā)行,它為農(nóng)歷新年的系列紀(jì)念郵票寫(xiě)下了完美的結(jié)局。(注意:與定語(yǔ)從句一樣,也可以采用非限制性形式)

      改為:At a ceremony in Honolulu on Dec. 29, Postmaster General John E. Potter gave a preview of the Lunar New Year Commemorative Stamps Souvenir Sheet, the grand finale of the Lunar Year stamp series, to be available in 2005.

      (二)改用“介詞短語(yǔ)”

      介詞短語(yǔ)替代定語(yǔ)從句有兩種方式:

      (1)省略“關(guān)系副詞+主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞”,或“關(guān)系代詞+be動(dòng)詞”;

      (2)根據(jù)從句的意思改編。

      例1:We have never forgotten the days (when we were) at college.

      我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有忘記在大學(xué)對(duì)書(shū)的日子。

      例2:I don't know the person (who is) in your office.

      在你辦公司的那個(gè)人我不認(rèn)識(shí)。

      例3:Those who have high expectations but do not have those relationship skills are likely to be brought down to earth fairly quickly as their Prince or Princess Charming falls off their pedestal.

      改為:Those with high expectations but without those relationship skills are likely to be brought down to earth fairly quickly as their Prince or Princess Charming falls off their pedestal.

      那些對(duì)婚姻期望太高卻又不具備處理婚姻關(guān)系技巧的人,一旦他們心中的白馬王子或白雪公主從神圣的光環(huán)里跌落,他們就會(huì)很快地回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中。

      例4:He is not a person who likes to haggle over every ounce.

      改為:He is a person above personal interests.

      他不是一個(gè)斤斤計(jì)較的人。

      (三)改用“現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)”和“過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)”

      “現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)”作后置定語(yǔ)

      此項(xiàng)要明白三點(diǎn):

      (1)“現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)”與前面的名詞一定是主謂關(guān)系;

      (2)它隱含的時(shí)態(tài)為與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同一階段的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:謂語(yǔ)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所隱含的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在正在繼續(xù)時(shí);如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),現(xiàn)在分詞所隱含的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行時(shí);

      (3)being+-ed表示“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”。

      如果信息的中心在什么時(shí)候可以用現(xiàn)在分詞呢?

      (1)當(dāng)被修飾的`名詞為“不定代詞”、“泛指意義的名詞”或“專有名詞”,可用現(xiàn)在分句短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)

      由于主語(yǔ)是泛指,句子的意思往往表達(dá)的是一條“道理”或一件“事實(shí)”,所以它們的隱含時(shí)為“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”,此時(shí)就可以用分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。為了看清分詞所隱含的時(shí)態(tài),配上定語(yǔ)。

      為了讀者看得明白,配上定語(yǔ)從句,把分詞所替代的時(shí)間展示出來(lái)。

      例1:Anyone touching that wire will get an electric stock.

      任何人碰到那根電線就會(huì)觸電。

      = Anyone who touches that wire will get an electric stock.

      例2:The only real and lasting solution is to convince people that driving is a skilled taskrequiring (=which requires) constant care and concentration.

      唯一一個(gè)有效、持久的方法是說(shuō)法人們相信,開(kāi)車是一種技術(shù)活,需要不斷的小心,思想不能開(kāi)小差。

      例3:Charles and Sydney, looking (=who look)so much like each other, are often considered to be twins.

      查爾斯和悉尼兩個(gè)人的相貌非常相似,經(jīng)常被人誤解為雙胞胎。

      注:雖然被修飾的詞是泛指意義的詞,但是如果從句里的時(shí)態(tài)不是同步,則不可以用“現(xiàn)在分詞”去作后置定語(yǔ),只能用“定語(yǔ)從句”。

      例句Do you know anybody who has lost a dog?

      你知道有誰(shuí)丟了一只貓?

      (2) 當(dāng)被修飾的名詞為特指,即有the限定,可用現(xiàn)在分句短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)

      此類與上面一類一樣,與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所不同的是它強(qiáng)調(diào)該動(dòng)詞“正在進(jìn)行”。

      例1:Would you help me to pass this note to the person sitting in the corner?

      能幫助我把這個(gè)條子遞給坐在角落的那個(gè)人嗎?

      = Would you help me to pass this note to the person who is sitting in the corner?

      注:同上一個(gè)“注”道理一樣,本項(xiàng)雖然主句的主語(yǔ)是特指,但兩個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)不是在同一階段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生,所以也不能用“現(xiàn)在分詞”作定語(yǔ),只能用“定語(yǔ)從句”。

      例:The police are questioning the criminal who robbed the bank.

      警察在審問(wèn)那個(gè)搶劫銀行的犯人。

      (4)“Being+過(guò)去分詞”表示“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”

      “Being+過(guò)去分詞”作后置定語(yǔ)等同于含有“正在進(jìn)行時(shí)+被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”的定語(yǔ)從句。請(qǐng)注意與下面的“過(guò)去分詞”作后置定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別,此項(xiàng)里的being是不可以省略的,否定表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)、完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)關(guān)系“過(guò)去分詞”作后置定語(yǔ)。

      例1:The dormitory being built is for girl students.

      正在蓋的宿舍是給女生住的。

      例2:The baby being taken care of by my mother is mine.

      正在由我媽媽帶的這個(gè)嬰兒是我的。

      “過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)”作后置定語(yǔ)

      此項(xiàng)要明白三點(diǎn):

      (1)“過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)”與前面的名詞一定是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系;

      (2)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí),“過(guò)去分詞”所隱含的時(shí)態(tài)是“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”或“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”。如果有時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或有by引導(dǎo)的介詞,還可以替代過(guò)去時(shí),因?yàn)闀r(shí)間/地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)以及by引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)都是強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是“一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)”的時(shí)候,“過(guò)去分詞”所隱含的時(shí)態(tài)是“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”或“過(guò)去完成時(shí)”。下面同樣用分詞與定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)比的方式要看看“過(guò)去分詞”所替代的時(shí)態(tài)。

      例1:The risk associated with a particular course of action may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker. 對(duì)于作出某項(xiàng)行動(dòng)的決定,集體作的要比個(gè)人作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小。

      = The risk which is associated with a particular course of action may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker. (由于主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的時(shí)態(tài)與它同步,所以可以省略關(guān)系代詞和助動(dòng)詞)

      例2:In fall 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians hit(=which was hit) by a hurricane.

      在1992年的秋天,愛(ài)荷華州的居民將好幾輛卡車的水送到受颶風(fēng)襲擊的佛羅里達(dá)州人的手里。

      例3:I'd like to make some comments on the meeting held (=which was held)yesterday. 我想對(duì)昨天召開(kāi)的會(huì)議發(fā)表一點(diǎn)看法。

      (四)改用“形容詞短語(yǔ)”

      “形容詞短語(yǔ)”省略的理由和方式,與“分詞短語(yǔ)”作后置定語(yǔ)一樣。當(dāng)它們不是句中的重點(diǎn)信息,就可以去掉關(guān)系代詞和be動(dòng)詞。形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)同定語(yǔ)從句一樣,可以分為“限制性”和“非限制性”。

      例1:I bought this comic book hot off the press. 我買(mǎi)了這本剛剛出版的漫畫(huà)書(shū)。

      例2:She is a kind lady, ready to help others. 她是一個(gè)善良的女人, 總是幫助別人。

      例3:Companies large and small the world over have been developing their own “corporate universities”. 全世界大大小小的公司都一直在辦自己的“公司大學(xué)”。

      (五)改用“主語(yǔ)從句”或“名詞短語(yǔ)”

      當(dāng)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句指代主句全部?jī)?nèi)容時(shí),可以把which改為it,作形式主語(yǔ),把原來(lái)的主句改成正在主語(yǔ)。或者把定語(yǔ)從句的整個(gè)信息改換為名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ),使原來(lái)的定語(yǔ)從句變成簡(jiǎn)單句。

      例4: He indulges himself all day in computer games, which makes his parents extremely sad.

      改為:It makes his parents extremely sad that he indulges himself all day in computer games.

      他整天沉湎于電腦游戲,這使他父母?jìng)闹翗O。(主語(yǔ)從句)

      或者:His indulgence in computer games all day makes his parents extremely sad. (名詞短語(yǔ))

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